Toyota's new turbodiesel engines are stronger, lighter, cleaner

Think about turbodiesels and trucks, and companies like General Motors and Dodge/Ram might spring to mind. Toyota? Not so much. Hybrids are its thing.

Still, the Japanese automaker is looking to alter that image a bit, at least overseas. Toyota is touting its new line of turbodiesel mills that went into the HiLux pickups that started being sold in Thailand and Australia last month, and in the Land Cruiser Prado that debuted in Japan last week.

Toyota's breaking out fancy terms like "Thermo Swing Wall Insulation Technology" (TSWIN) and "Selective Catalytic Reduction" (SCR), but the upshot is that the engines boost torque up 25 percent, and, more importantly, fuel efficiency by 15 percent. Additionally, the engine's configuration can cut as much as 99 percent of NOx (nitrogen oxide) emissions.

Asia's new version of the HiLux offers two turbodiesels: a 2.4-liter version with 164 horsepower, and a 2.8-liter mill with 174 hp. Toyota says that by the end of next year, it'll be able to make 700,000 of the engines a year and will make them available in 90 global markets.

Scroll down to check out Toyota's 90-second explanatory video, and get more details from the official press release.


Show full PR text Toyota's Revamped Turbo Diesel Engines Offer
More Torque, Greater Efficiency and Lower Emissions New engines feature next-generation advanced thermal insulation diesel combustion1 World-first2 use of Thermo Swing Wall Insulation Technology (TSWIN3) Top-class maximum thermal efficiency of 44 percent4 15 percent more fuel efficient; 25 percent more maximum torque Eliminates up to 99 percent of NOx emissions Production of 700,000 units a year; available in approx. 90 markets by the end of 20165
Toyota's newly developed direct-injection turbo diesel engines raise the bar for fuel efficiency, power and quietness.

The world's first use of Thermo Swing Wall Insulation Technology (TSWIN) makes the 2.8-liter 1GD-FTV engine one of the most thermally efficient in existence, with a maximum thermal efficiency of 44 percent. Despite smaller engine displacement in comparison to the current KD engine, maximum torque is improved by 25 percent and low speed torque improved by 11 percent, while fuel efficiency has received a 15 percent boost.

The engines also have Toyota's first-ever urea Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)6 system that can eliminate up to 99 percent of emissions of NOx (nitrogen oxide), one of the main causes of air pollution.

The newly developed 1GD-FTV is currently available in the new Hilux small pickup truck launched in Thailand in May 2015, and in the partially redesigned Land Cruiser Prado launched in Japan on June 17. The same engine lineup includes the 2GD-FTV 2.4-liter direct-injection turbo diesel engine.


Main Specifications (specifications vary according to market)
1GD-FTV 2GD-FTV
Displacement 2,754 cc 2,393 cc
Bore/stroke ratio 92-103.6 mm 92-90 mm
Compression ratio 15.6 15.6
Maximum output 130 kw (177 PS)/3,400 rpm 110 kw (150 PS)/3,400 rpm
Maximum torque 450 N?m (45.9 kgf?m)/1,600-2,400 rpm 400 N?m (40.8 kgf?m)/1,600-2,000 rpm
Low speed torque 370 N?m (37.7 kgf?m)/1,200 rpm 330 N?m (33.7 kgf?m)/1,200 rpm

Features of the new GD engines

The new engines have proven their high thermal efficiency, quiet operation, and powerful performance around the world, including extremely cold areas where air temperatures can fall to -40?C and altitudes exceeding 4,500 meters above sea level.

By adjacent positioning of the catalyst for cleaner performance and other improvements, catalyst size has been reduced by roughly 30 percent and number of exhaust system layouts reduced from 18 to just three, vastly simplifying the global deployment process and lessening the environmental burden.

Next-generation advanced thermal insulation diesel combustion

Thanks to the world-first use of Thermo Swing Wall Insulation Technology and the use of silica-reinforced porous anodized aluminum (SiRPA) on the pistons, cooling loss during combustion is reduced by approximately 30 percent. SiRPA is a high insulation and dissipation material that is easy to heat and easy to cool.

A port shape more conducive to air intake drastically increases the amount of air flow into the cylinders. Additionally, a newly developed piston combustion chamber shape and a common-rail fuel injection system that achieves higher pressure and more advanced control of fuel injection pressure are used to optimize the injection of fuel into the combustion chamber. This maximizes air consumption, enabling high thermal efficiency and low emissions.

Precise pilot injection matching the state of the ambient air occurs before the main injection to shorten ignition delay, achieving stable combustion even in the world's harshest environments, while ensuring quiet operation and high thermal efficiency.

Compact high-efficiency variable geometry turbocharger (produced in-house by Toyota)

The new turbocharger used by the GD engines is 30 percent smaller than its current equivalent, and features a newly developed turbine that improves efficiency, and a newly developed impeller that provides instantaneous acceleration response and produces maximum torque over a wide range of RPM.

Toyota-first urea selective catalyst reduction (SCR) system

Use of Toyota's proprietary, compact, high-dispersion urea selective catalyst reduction system eliminates up to 99 percent of emissions of NOx (nitrogen oxide), one of the main causes of air pollution. This will help vehicles conform to Euro 6 and the 2010 emissions standards set by Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.

The current globally deployed KD engines will be gradually phased out and replaced with GD engines. By 2016, production will reach approximately 700,000 units a year with introduction in approximately 90 markets, set to expand to at least 150 markets by 2020.

Toyota will continue to position diesel engines as a key component of the Toyota engine lineup, based on the philosophy of providing the right vehicles for the right places at the right time. The entire Toyota group, including Toyota Industries Corporation, will combine its energies to develop cleaner and more competitive diesel engines across a wide-range of vehicle types, taking into account the varying needs of people around the world.

1Combustion that drastically reduces cooling loss. Japanese specifications
2Based on TMC data as of June 2015
3Technology that reduces cooling loss during combustion. Japanese specifications only at present.
4In-house measurements
5Including both the 2.8-liter 1GD-FTV and the 2.4-liter 2GD-FTV engines
6European and Japanese specifications Featured GalleryToyota's turbodiesel engines
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